All objects in life can be roughly divided into three categories according to their conductivity: conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.

This is easy to understand. Objects are either conductive, non-conductive, or a little bit conductive. It is this half-baked and unclear substance that gives physicists different room to play.

According to the conductivity, it is divided into:

Insulator: The conductivity is very low, about 20-18S/cm ~ 10-8S/cm, such as fused silica and glass;

Conductor: High conductivity, ranging from 104S/cm to 106S/cm, such as aluminum, silver and other metals.

Semiconductors: Conductivity is between insulators and conductors.

Semiconductors are products of materials usually composed of silicon, which are more conductive than insulators like glass, but less conductive than pure conductors like copper or aluminum. Its conductivity and other properties can be altered by introducing impurities, known as doping, to meet the specific needs of the electronic component in which it resides. Also known as semiconductors or chips, semiconductors can be found in thousands of products such as computers, smartphones, appliances, gaming hardware, and medical devices.